Chemokine receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Chemokine receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Receptors [438, 437, 32]) comprise a large subfamily of 7TM proteins that bind one or more chemokines, family small cytokines typically possessing chemotactic activity for leukocytes. Additional hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic roles have been identified many chemokines in areas embryonic development, immune cell proliferation, activation death, viral infection, antibacterials, among others. can be divided function into two main groups: G protein-coupled chemokine receptors, which mediate leukocyte trafficking, "Atypical receptors", may signal through non-G mechanisms act scavengers to downregulate inflammation shape gradients [32].Chemokines turn structure four subclasses number arrangement conserved cysteines. CC (also known β-chemokines; n= 28), CXC α-chemokines; 17) CX3C (n= 1) all cysteines, with zero, three amino acids separating first cysteines respectively. C 2) only second fourth found other chemokines. Chemokines also classified homeostatic inflammatory subgroups. Most are able multiple high-affinity ligands, but ligands given receptor almost always restricted same structural subclass. than subtype. highly promiscuous regard ligand specificity, lack selective endogenous ligand. named acccording class bound, whereas ACKR is root acronym atypical [33]. There substantial cross-species differences sequences both pharmacology biology receptors. Endogenous microbial non-chemokine Many HIV co-receptors, CCR5 demonstrated play an essential role HIV/AIDS pathogenesis. The tables include standard names [693] aliases.